In D. W. Simpson & P. G. Richards (Eds. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . Extensive damage was caused to life and property. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. India Memoir. 70(3) 757-773. The epicentre of the earthquake was located in eastern Nepal. ), 2019. Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). The wells were choked with sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to sand deposited in the tank beds. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115. The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . Seeber, L., & Armbruster, J. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. Nandy D R, Choudhury A K, Chakraborty C and Narula P L 1993 Geological Survey of India, Bihar-Nepal earthquake, August 20, 1988; Spec. Dehra Dun,. Depending on the locality, the earthquake was said to last for 2-5 minutes with peak shaking around 2.5 mins after the initiation of earthquake. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! Thank you for visiting nature.com. 117, S2, 773-782. (Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. Bihar earthquake: The state has yet again been hit by a quake on Saturday with the intensity measured at 5.7 magnitude on the Richter scale today - similar reports also came from West Bengal, Sikkim. Bilham, R. (1995). 117, S2, 773-782. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. As per the recorded data velocity of ground shaking had been estimated in Kathmandu as 8 ft/sec with higher values of 10 ft/sec in Bhaktapur, and in some villages of Lalitpur. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). done in Zurich after a mining disaster in 1906 and an earthquake in Messina, Italy in 1908 (Stierlin, 1909 and 1911). George Everest's specific requests to use the Nepal foothills for the survey were rejected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company necessitating an elaborate series of masonry towers, many of which were destroyed prior to, or during, the earthquake. Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. Publ. Geophysical Research Letters. Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Seismicity in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting. Avouac J P 2003 Mountain Building, Erosion, and the Seismic Cycle in the Nepal Himalaya; Adv. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. These seven martyrs wrote history of freedom with their blood in Patna. 79 1237-1250. Rajendran, C. P., John, B., Rajendran, K., & Sanwal, J. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Western part of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage. Everest. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals. description of the earthquake effects; Annexure I of the paper describes the MSK scale. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. Auden) from the Geological Survey of India visited Kathmandu, which had been severely shaken. The M6.5 earthquakes affected mostly the far western portion of Nepal mainly Baitadhi, Bajhang and Darchula. [9][10], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. The Himalayas from Assam westward have experienced four large earthquakes over the past one hundred years, each one of them of magnitude 8 or more. The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. Google Scholar. . On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 C. D. Nature 136 , 485-486 ( 1935) Cite this article 579 Accesses Metrics Abstract SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. 259277). The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in NepalKathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patanwere severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. listrik dan panas, serta mempunyai titik cair tinggi. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(B7), 62036227. Sukhija, B. S., Rao, M. N., Reddy, D. V., Nagabhushanam, P., Kumar, D., Lakshmi, B. V., & Sharma, P. (2002). In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. CrossRef Princeton University Press. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. London:Special Publications. Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. Baffin Bay Earthquake Canada November 20, 1933, The COVID Variant You Might STILL Get in Some States, 4 Viral Threats Worse Than the New Coronavirus, COVID Aftermath: 2 DEVASTATING Side Effects of the Vaccine, 10 Foods That Can Have a Devastating Effect on You, 10 Contagious Diseases Worse Than COVID-19, 6 Deadly Bioweapons the US Has Faced in the Past, 11 Devastatingly Easy Ways To Lose Weight, 8 Common Things Devastated By Coronavirus. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). Bilham, R. (2019). This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. the worst was the 1934 earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost their lives, followed . It was the most devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. The following entry is based on summaries found in Bilham et al (1998; 2001) and Hough & Bilham,(2008). In: Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent. Nepal-Bihar 1934. Damage there was generally less widespread, with fewer deaths recorded. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! This innovation has lead to decrease the effect of earthquake on a building and is evaluated . The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. (1981). (2017b). Hill districts of the epicentral zone of the 1934 earthquake tend to lose population, while Nepalese population dramatically increases in the foothills near the Indian border. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. (2020). The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. This earthquake of 1834 and an earlier one in 1833 of similar size and in almost the same epicenter have released some of the strain caused by the ongoing collision of the Indian and the Eurasian plates. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. Geophys. Mitigation Measures for Earthquakes in India were researched. Res. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. . Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. natural hazards. January 1934 earthquake in India andNepal. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad. Portland cement subjected to rigid tests replaced mud mortar. Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake Most of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu Valley and along the eastern plains bordering northern India. 82 2945-2969. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Feldl N and Bilham R 2006 Great Himalayan Earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199. Your email address will not be published. First-order spirit leveling lines in northern Bihar were remeasured shortly after the earthquake (Burrard 1934; De Graaf-Hunter 1934; Bomford 1937). To sand deposited in the world consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting creation the! Richter, C. F. ( 1949 ) innovation has lead to decrease the effect of on... Towns of the slow northward movement of the slow northward movement of the Kathmandu Valley in,. Escaped with lighter damages ; Bomford 1937 ) it was the 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 earthquake... Lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured morning, showing that Patna, Bhagalpur, and from Assam Punjab! 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