Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families 1 ) . Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. Tirman notes that approximately 6 million civilians and soldiers died in the Korean, Vietnam/Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan wars. to social improvement. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. ABC News. When these problems occur, they may ironically worsen the psychological state of these veterans. Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. Bacevich, A. The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. Fourth, military waste in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures is rampant. The establishment of foreign bases provided the Commission of Government with an unforeseen amount of wealth, which it used to improve social services. As this brief discussion suggests, US veterans have many unmet needs. Rafter, N. H. (1990). Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) U.S. Casualty Status. War is a social phenomenon in which a mixture of motives underlies decisions to go to war. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. New York, NY: Vintage Books. For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. Identify two social science issues related to education. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . Halperin, S. (2004). It . Speier, J. Tirman, J. When it comes to our wars overseas, he adds, concern for the victims is limited to U.S. troops.. (2012, January 12). Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. Our guests begin by discussing Russian grand strategy and by framing the threat posed by Russia to US national security. Women veterans face a special problem that most male veterans do not have to fear. One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. The fiscal year 2013 defense budget: A report card. In another example, the Navy is designing a new series of nuclear submarines, with construction planned to start in 2019. Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan War have a higher suicide rate than that of the general public. For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. New York Times, p. B4. (2011). A.I.D.E. Vaccine At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was introduced to the world. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. Within that society, characterize one of the social science principles we identified in this learning block. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. Wells, T. (1994). This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the Army impacts a soldier's earning potential to how the Army is responding to its current recruiting crisis. Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. Victims of military rape deserve justice. Several years later, she was still having many health problems and could not forget what happened to her. In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. New York, NY: Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. If this high rate had held true during the twentieth century, 2 billion people would have died in twentieth-century wars rather than the 100 million who did die (Pinker, 2012). Leisure studies examine issues related to leisure, including recreation, tourism, events, and sport. Tirman, J. InsideDefense.com NewsStand. These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. Military preparedness does not come cheap. In athletics, gender inequality and racial discrimination are the main social issues that affect females. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. Stopping Americas most lethal export. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. Recall that when weather disasters and other environmental changes cause drought and other problems, crops and other resources become scarcer. Obamas damaging blow to our military. As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. The two atomic bombs dropped by the United States over Japan during World War II killed tens of thousands of civilians. Researchers found that acceptance and support from community and family may lessen the toll of mental health conditions experienced by former child soldiers. The Washington Post, p. B01. Children of deployed troops struggle, study finds. In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). This essay analyzes the different spheres that influenced one of the people with eating behavior problems according to the social-ecological model of health. The Times-Leader. The hope arises from historical evidence that the number of international wars, civil wars, and other types of armed conflict has in fact declined over the centuries, with the number in the past half-century much smaller than in centuries past (Pinker, 2012). Determining the Prevalence of Rape and Sexual Assault in the Military. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. Leitenberg, M. (2006). This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. (2011). If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. 147 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. As an economics writer wryly noted, So remember to take pride in American power, and remember that it comes at a very high price. In making this classic macroeconomics decision, the United States has much to learn from the wealthy nations of Europe. Status of world nuclear forces. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. Drew, C. (2011, March 30). These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). McGovern, G. (2011). In shedding light on the prevalence of military rape and sexual assault and on the many negative effects of these crimes, social science research has performed an important service. Ashton, A. (1971). Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. 1). Ledbetter, J. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. Most arms exports from the United States and other exporters go to developing nations. Religion is a very important ideology in this regard. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. These actions did destroy the countryside, but they also destroyed humans. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families We have textbook solutions for you! This article is intended to investigate the war-related psycho-social problems and mitigating strategies of war declared on Ethiopia's Amhara region civilians. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. Another issue would be the stress on the families who have a service member deployed in a war zone . Dao, J. Acting out wars inner wounds. War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. It includes a range of topics on social science and humanities, such as history, culture, geography, sociology, education, etc. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. As this overview of the debate over military spending indicates, the military remains a hot topic more than two decades after the Cold War ended following the demise of the Soviet Union. If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. A prime example of this latter dynamic is the Vietnam War. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. His wife April had to quit her teaching job to take care of him, and their life savings slowly dwindled. 221232). As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. Bumiller, E. (2010, July 25). Arias, O. A fifth and related group is composed of social reconstructionists or critical pedagogues, who cast social studies in schools in a leading role in the Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering. Hartung, W. D. (2012). Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0. Feinstein, A. The study involved child soldiers who participated in Sierra . Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. List the types of problems that military veterans often face. New York Times, p. A1. The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). Slashing Americas defense: A suicidal trajectory. Perhaps worse, the United States ranks last among the worlds twenty wealthiest democracies in life expectancy and infant mortality and also ranks worst in the risk of dying before age 60. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. (2012, January 2). In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. The defense industry remains a powerful force in the US economy six decades after Eisenhower issued his warning, and US military spending continues unabated. (2012). Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). Advertisement capkay1505 nvm pretend u didn't see Advertisement An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). Some verses follow. Social science issues related to war. A social issue is a problem that reduces the quality of life of people. Nuclear war is no longer a two-player game, as it largely was during the cold war, with the U.S. and NATO facing off against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. Other political and economic changes brought by war are less obvious. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. War can also change a nations political structure in obvious ways, as when the winning nation forces a new political system and leadership on the losing nation. (2012). Although wars, other armed conflicts, terrorism, and genocide certainly continue, and 100 million is a terribly high number of deaths, the world overall is in fact more peaceful now than in the past. Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). He applauds the Korean and Vietnam memorials in Washington, but he laments that neither mentions the people of those countries who perished in the conflicts (Tirman, 2012, p. B01). The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. US veterans: By the numbers. Retrieved http://www.cnn.com/. 1. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Veterans of the Vietnam War came back to a nation that often did not greet them as heroes. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 1.2 Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems, 1.3 Continuity and Change in Social Problems, 2.1 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty, 2.2 Who the Poor Are: Social Patterns of Poverty, 3.1 Racial and Ethnic Inequality: A Historical Prelude, 3.5 Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.6 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.7 Reducing Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 4.4 Violence against Women: Rape and Sexual Assault, 5.2 Public Attitudes about Sexual Orientation, 5.3 Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation, 5.4 Improving the Lives of the LGBT Community, 6.3 Life Expectancy and the Graying of Society, 6.4 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 6.6 Reducing Ageism and Helping Older Americans, 7.5 Drug Policy and the War on Illegal Drugs, 7.6 Addressing the Drug Problem and Reducing Drug Use, 10.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, 11.1 An Overview of Education in the United States, 11.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 11.3 Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education, 11.4 Issues and Problems in Higher Education, 12.2 Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy, 13.1 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Health Care, 13.2 Global Aspects of Health and Health Care, 13.3 Problems of Health in the United States, 13.4 Problems of Health Care in the United States, 14.2 Sociological Perspectives on Urbanization, 15.1 Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment, 15.4 Addressing Population Problems and Improving the Environment, 16.1 Sociological Perspectives on War and Terrorism, 16.4 Preventing War and Stopping Terrorism. : //www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html -- - matter, of its structure and mode of motion their life slowly! 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