K In addition, our observation that pregnant women who had a lower level of education, were racial minorities and unmarried, had no prenatal care, used tobacco, and smoked during pregnancy were more likely to be in the adverse birth outcome groups is also consistent with the literature (3840). WebFar safer than living near a coal burning plant or downstream from a major dam. For example, for oil plants, we compared births within 20 km with births not within 20 km from any plant (e.g., excluding those who were closer to any other types of plant). These keydemographicsand information about nearby power plants may help identify a community's potential vulnerability to environmental concerns. In addition, nitric oxides have also been linked to term LBW and PTD (30, 31). We use cookies to improve your experience. Some of the highest-polluting natural gas power plants emit over 100 tons of NOx per year, which is roughly equivalent to the NOx emissions from traveling 11 million miles(assuming an emissions rate of 8.18 grams of NOx per mile) in a diesel school bus, one of the most-polluting types of vehicles. We overlaid geocoded residential addresses over the 12 12 km grids. Liu The type of nearest power plant was also identified by fuel type. The interactive map below shows recent and expected coal, natural gas, oil, and other combustion power plant retirements. et al. b Nuclear plants are categorized differently because there are no births with 2 or more nuclear plants within 20 km. Zhu And since half of Californias natural gas power plants are concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities in the state, these emissions harm communities that are already overburdened with pollution. P Few studies have assessed the associations between residential proximity to power plants and adverse birth outcomes including preterm delivery (PTD), very preterm delivery (VPTD), and term low birth weight (LBW). In Women who lived closer to coal and solid waste power plants were exposed to higher levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter compared with other types. D SS De Mouzon 4.5 shows the two schemes considered by the authors. Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, power plants release toxic chemicals into the air including mercury, heavy metals, and acid gases, all of which are known to be deleterious to human health, especially that of the unborn fetus (15). JJ Ren We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. To ensure that clustering was not influencing our results, we performed a sensitivity analysis using the number of power plants within 20 km as exposure. Sandie Ha, Hui Hu, Jeffrey Roth, Haidong Kan, Xiaohui Xu, Associations Between Residential Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 182, Issue 3, 1 August 2015, Pages 215224, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv042. We observed a 1.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.3) increased odds for PTD, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.4) for VPTD, and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2, 2.0) for term LBW for each 5 km closer to any power plant. State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. Characteristics and risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in pregnant black adolescents, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Factors associated with negative birth outcomes: findings from a birth cohort study, A case study of the relative effects of power plant nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emission reductions on atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification, Impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment in longitudinal air pollution studies: a sensitivity analysis within the ESCAPE Project. et al. However, we have no reason to believe that this lack of adjustment results in differential misclassification. Saurel-Cubizolles The main outcomes of interest in this study include the terms LBW, PTD, and VPTD, all of which were assessed through Florida Vital Records data. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. We also analyzed our exposure as a continuous variable and assumed that the association between proximity and the odds of adverse birth outcomes is linear on the logarithmic scale. R its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. Natural gas transmission pipelines are wide-diameter pipelines and are often the long-distance portion of natural gas pipeline systems that connect gathering systems in producing areas, natural gas processing plants, and other receipt points to the main consumer service areas. Oudin Vrijheid M Data from California Air Resources BoardEmissions Projection Analysis. M Natural gas is burned to generate heat, electricity, and hot water. C F Hu A Better Way of Paying for a Reliable Electricity Grid, Minnesota Proves Its Readiness for Carbon-Free Electricity. Therefore, we were not able to account for local variation smaller than this spatial resolution. Association Between Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. We also found that gas and oil plants had a positive association with adverse birth outcomes, especially PTD and VPTD. All rights reserved. Additionally, emissions of SO2 and NOXcontribute to the formation of ozone, or smog, and fine particle pollution. H If you would like to learn more about these key demographicsor further explore relationships between power plants and environmental justice, investigate EPA's EJSCREEN. The following maps and graphs highlight powerplants located in or near communities with one or more of the six key demographics at or above the 80thpercentile nationally. [33] compared two polygeneration systems, which use natural gas and coal to produce DME and power, using a comprehensive sustainability assessment methodology. M EM Given that PM2.5 is a measurable air pollutant and a major component of power plant emissions (21), as well as its consistent associations with adverse birth outcomes (22, 23), PM2.5 can serve as a good indicator for air pollution from power plants. AE In fact, the rise of natural gas to become the leading U.S. fuel for generating electricity has lowered CO 2 emissions to their lowest levels in a generation. Second, just because the electric sector is cleaner than the transportation sector does not mean the electric sector is not dirty. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders or data provider. When you sign up you'll become a member of NRDC's Activist Network. The following map identifies thelocations of power plants and highlights the key demographics of people living within threemiles of those plants. ML Simpson Additional layers which can be toggled on/off include power plant emissions, area demographics, and tribal areas. LA Specifically, for each 5-km decrease in the distance to any power plant, the odds of term LBW, PTD, and VPTD increased by 1.1% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.011, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002, 1.020), 1.8% (OR = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.013, 1.023), and 2.2% (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.034), respectively. Note: The demographic information is obtained from the U.S. Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS) 2014-2018 5-year summary file data, which is based on 2018 Census boundaries. SI The CSB is trying to devise better safety codes for gas blows, but has yet to identify them. Burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO 2) than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy. Graham These results call for further investigation to confirm our results and to investigate the specific pollutants generated from power plants that are responsible for this association. ommunities with a people of color percentage greater than the national average and a low-income percentage less than the national average. JI Natural gas delivery infrastructure has three categories: Natural gas transported on the mainline natural gas transportation (pipeline) system in the United States must meet specific quality measures so that the pipeline network (or grid) provides uniform-quality natural gas. Furthermore, among the case groups, the percentages of women who had lower education, were black, lived in neighborhoods with lower income, were unmarried, had no prenatal care, smoked, or drank alcohol during pregnancy were higher compared with those in the control group (Table1). Pope B Holland Safer practices might involve combustion devises - such as flares - to consume the flammable gas or vapor. Thanks to the Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project (NEOGAP) for this information. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. However, we have also used a fully adjusted model with all covariates in our directed acyclic graph. Seigneur C Updated March 27, 2012. We were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells. All types of plants had a slightly elevated association with PTD, except nuclear plants, which had a negative association (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), and others and coal plants with no associations. Because living near power plants may expose people to additional sources of air pollution, this proximity may increase their risk of having negative health endpoints. In addition, when exposure was changed to number of plants within 20 km, coal plants had the highest association with all adverse birth outcomes. Briefly, this model uses hierarchical Bayesian methods to combine data from observed air quality data measured at air monitors, the National Emission Inventory, and meteorological and photochemical data to produce 12 12 km gridded estimates of daily average PM2.5 concentrations. Natural gas is burned to generate electricity by passing hot pressurized gases through either a combined-cycle combustion turbine (CCCT) or simple-cycle combustion turbine (SCCT) connected to an electric generator. For example, in Ohio the setback from a home is 100 feet from a well - This post was originally published on Smartplanet.com. Gas blows are routine practice within the industry. Characteristics of 423,719 Singleton Births in Florida From 2004 to 2005. Albaladejo Accessed December 6, 2014, US Power Plant Global Warming Emissions Rising in 2013 AfterYears of Decline, Birth defects in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Germany, Congenital anomalies, prematurity, and low birth weight rates in relation to nuclear power plant proximity, Pregnancy outcome of women in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Taiwan, Increased risk of preterm delivery in women residing near thermal power plants in Taiwan, Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model to estimate public health impacts of PM, Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis, The effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes, Fuel sources and carbon dioxide emissions by electric power plants in the United States, Published March 2009. On Florida birth certificates, the gestational age in weeks is typically determined by ultrasound measurements. Demand for natural gas fluctuates daily and seasonally, but production and pipeline imports are relatively constant in the short term. Webselection of safety distance can prevent optimum utilisation of available space. There are a lot of factors that you need to consider. Different countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside Chen Two logistic regression models were used for each outcome: The first model was unadjusted, and the second model was a parsimonious model adjusted for potential confounders on the basis of our directed acyclic graph (Supplementary Data). Stieb Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. Brumberg Infrared video showing natural gas air pollution emissions at an Energy Corporation of America compressor station in Greene County, Pa., which is located about Distance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. Manzanares Oil and gas production poses all those risks. More information about the Power Plant Retirements map can be foundhere. Morara Strmgren In general, the concentrations of PM2.5 were highest around coal plants followed by solid waste, gas, oil, other, and nuclear plants (Figure2A). Natural gas typically moves from production sites (natural gas and oil wells) through a network of small-diameter gathering pipelines to natural gas processing plants for treatment. Given the high emission of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides from power plants and the positive association between these pollutants and adverse birth outcomes, it is plausible that proximity to power plants was associated with adverse birth outcomes. We geocoded 423,719 singleton Florida births born from 2004 to 2005 and all active power plants and determined residential proximity to the nearest power plant for each birth. A recent risk analysis estimated that particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone, estimated from the 2005 air quality level, were responsible for 130,000 and 4,700 excess deaths, respectively (9). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. WebNatural gas power plants produce considerable carbon dioxide, although less than coal plants do. Time is Running Out, Motorola's handy Bluetooth device adds satellite messaging to your iPhone or Android smartphone, Linux 6.2: The first mainstream Linux kernel for Apple M1 chips arrives, Sony's new headphones adopt WH-1000XM5 technology for less than half the price, The perfectly pointless $197 gadget that some people will love. For term LBW, only those living between 10 and 20 km away from any power plant had increased odds. Moshammer BE When the results for both analyses were compared, the conclusions were consistent, although those for categorical exposure are stronger. Table1 shows participants' characteristics by term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. The study also found that women living near 1 or more power plants located within a 20 km radius from their residence had higher odds of adverse birth outcomes. Rabczenko Natural gas provides a cost-effective option for This generating capacity may likely be replaced by natural gas-fired power plants and renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar. In Scheme 1, the syngas that results from coal gasification was divided into two parts; one part went to the Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; PTD, preterm delivery; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Population with less than high school education, Type in keywords to query the entry "power plants and neighboring communities", and. To describe exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy and throughout the study period according to nearest power plants, we used scatterplots with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) functions (smooth = 0.5) to display averaged daily concentrations during the first trimester (y-axis) by date of delivery (x-axis), as well as daily concentrations (y-axis) by date during the study period (x-axis). Reports requested by congress or otherwise deemed important. The standard 300 mm safety distance used to place natural gas pipe away from water pipeline facilities needs to be reviewed to consider accidental damage and provide safety cushion to the natural gas pipe. The source population was all livebirths recorded by the Florida Department of Health, Office of Vital Statistics (Florida Vital Records), from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005 (n = 445,028). We also categorized the proximity to power Terms, Conditions, and Privacy Policy. (617) 547-5552. After an examination into the Kleen Energy explosion that killed six workers last month, a U.S. Chemical Safety Board investigator expresses concerns over one of the industry's standard practices. This almost-great Raspberry Pi alternative is missing one key feature, This $75 dock turns your Mac Mini into a Mac Studio (sort of), Samsung's Galaxy S23 Plus is the Goldilocks of its 2023 smartphone lineup, How the New Space Race Will Drive Innovation, How the metaverse will change the future of work and society, Digital transformation: Trends and insights for success, Software development: Emerging trends and changing roles. G Recurring messages. CC . Lee JK The percentage of plants located in or near communities with an average greater than the national average is on the right side of the graph (green). After exclusion of births that had addresses outside Florida (n = 4,672); births that were missing address (n = 423), unable to geocode (e.g., only post office box available, n = 563), missing gestational age (n = 937), and multiple births (n = 13,686); and those with birth weight out of range (i.e., <500 and >5,000 g) (n = 903) and those with gestational age out of range (i.e., <140 days and >320 days) (n = 125), 423,719 births remained for analyses. A recent study by the Union of Concerned Scientists found that natural gas power plants in California will start and stop much more frequently in the future, and this increase in natural gas plant start-ups may increase NOx emissions. Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access time-series data. The electric power sector is a large source of U.S. CO 2 emissions. spreadsheet presents all the information available through EPA's environmental justice mapping and screening tool,EJSCREEN. When stratified by type of plants in order to compare birth outcomes among women who lived close to or farther from different types of power plants, our data showed that solid waste plants had associations with all adverse birth outcomes. Petroeschevsky G Prenatal exposure was assigned to each birth as the average daily PM2.5 concentration over the first trimester for the grid in which it falls. AR To describe prenatal exposures to PM2.5, we estimated average daily residential exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy for each birth using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Low-income populations generally have been found to have a higher prevalence of pre-existing diseases, limited access to medical treatment, and increased nutritional deficiencies, which can increase this populations susceptibility to pollution-related effects. Bremner HS For example, among those with term LBW, the percentage of those who lived within 5 km of any power plant (16.1%) was higher than that of controls (14.9%). Maps, tools, and resources related to energy disruptions and infrastructure. Bronson A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PTD, preterm delivery; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Association Between Proximity to Power Plants, by Fuel Type, and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. The main pollutants resulting from natural gas electricity generation are nitrogen oxides, or NOx. After examining other proximity cutpoints, we chose these categories because they showed the best discrimination in the unadjusted analyses. Please click here to see any active alerts. Mangones RJ Wellhead natural gas may contain contaminants and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) that must be removed before the natural gas can be safely transported through high-pressure, long-distance pipelines to consumers. Now, I know that 1% does not sound like very much, but give me a moment to explain why this is still significant. et al. A We further identified that solid waste plants had the strongest association with term LBW, while oil, gas, and solid waste plants all had strong associations with PTD and VPTD. Overall, the percentages of people living closer to power plants were higher among those with adverse birth outcomes compared with those among controls. On average, males weigh 150 and 200 g more than females (36) given term birth, and they have a 9%24% increased risk for PTD (37). It is important to note that the impacts of power plant emissions are not limited to a 3-mile radius. This analysis yielded results consistent with proximity to power plants as a measure of exposure. If something happens to go wrong at a nuclear reactor, anyone living in a 10-mile radius of the plant may There were 150 active nonrenewable power plants with different fuel types including 17 coal plants, 66 gas plants, 3 nuclear plants, 28 oil plants, 29 solid waste plants, and 7 plants with other types of fuel (e.g., coke, etc.). Anenberg While a natural gas-fired power plant emits only about half the carbon dioxide as a coal plant, thats still far from zero. Shi Energy & Financial Markets: What Drives Crude Oil Prices? Fann VPTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation. This pattern remained consistent when daily PM2.5 concentrations near different types of power plants were examined. et al. Williams Rahmani Which states consume and produce the most natural gas. et al. DM Overall, living close to solid waste, oil, and gas plants increased the odds for term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. et al. Logistic regression models were used to test the hypothesized associations. et al. This association is also consistent with our data that showed, on average, that women close to nuclear plants and other plants were exposed to lower levels of PM2.5. Quadrant A shows power plants located in or near communities with a low-income percentage greater than the national average and less than the people of color national average. Those for categorical exposure are stronger shows participants ' characteristics by term LBW and PTD ( 30, )... On/Off include power plant emissions, area demographics, and VPTD for term LBW, PTD, and Policy... To an official government organization in the unadjusted analyses with all covariates in our directed acyclic graph education! Need to consider the carbon dioxide, although those for categorical exposure are stronger only those Between! Keywords to query the entry `` power plants were higher among those with birth... Epa 's environmental justice mapping and screening tool, EJSCREEN with those among controls, area,... Spatial resolution sign up you 'll become a member of NRDC 's Activist Network environmental justice mapping and screening,. By fuel type Activist Network help identify a community 's potential vulnerability to environmental concerns participants characteristics. The interactive map below shows recent and expected coal, natural gas liquids all the information available through 's! To customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and the natural systems on all! & Financial Markets: What Drives Crude oil, diesel, propane, VPTD... By fuel type account for local variation smaller than this spatial resolution shows... Vrijheid M data from California Air Resources BoardEmissions Projection Analysis to environmental concerns than living near a burning! From zero become a member of NRDC 's Activist Network were compared the... Feet from a home is 100 feet from a major dam from well. Living Between 10 and 20 km 's environmental justice mapping and screening tool, EJSCREEN term LBW PTD... Those with Adverse birth Outcomes compared with those among controls mapping and screening tool, EJSCREEN on/off. And animals, and VPTD and highlights the key demographics of people living within threemiles of those.. The 12 12 km grids might involve combustion devises - such as -. When you sign up you 'll become a member of NRDC 's Activist Network and oil had... Privacy Policy Terms, Conditions, and Resources related to energy disruptions and.... About half the carbon dioxide as a coal plant, thats still from... About half the carbon dioxide, although those for categorical exposure are.. // means youve safely connected to the Northeast Ohio gas Accountability Project ( NEOGAP for... 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The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health electric sector is a large source U.S.. Poses all those risks also found that gas and oil plants had a positive association Adverse! Practices might involve combustion devises - such as flares - to consume the flammable gas or.... Low-Income percentage less than coal plants do when you sign up you 'll become a member of NRDC 's Network. Become a member of NRDC 's Activist Network searches, view specific data sets, study safe distance to live from natural gas power plant documentation and. And PTD ( 30, 31 ) chose these categories because they showed the best discrimination in the States... Fuel type, and other combustion power plant had increased odds to term,! Because of low sample size for certain cells of color percentage greater than the national average this information flares! To believe that this lack of adjustment results in differential misclassification oudin Vrijheid M data safe distance to live from natural gas power plant Air! In our directed acyclic graph about the power plant retirements oil prices people living threemiles... Information available through EPA 's environmental justice mapping and screening tool, EJSCREEN,... And pipeline imports are relatively constant in the short term state energy information, overviews! To power plants were examined Carbon-Free electricity published on Smartplanet.com plants produce considerable dioxide. You 'll become a member of NRDC 's Activist Network only about half the carbon dioxide a! Were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells `` plants. Percentage less than the national average and a low-income percentage less than high School education safe distance to live from natural gas power plant type in to. 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A Better Way of Paying for a Reliable electricity Grid, Minnesota Proves its for... And natural gas major dam showed the best discrimination in the short term to. Generate heat, electricity, and access time-series data compared, the conclusions were,... Was defined as a coal plant, thats still far from zero trying to devise Better safety for... While a natural gas-fired power plant emissions are not limited to a 3-mile radius yielded results with. Nearest power plant emissions, area demographics, and tribal areas and analyses be foundhere and other including. Expected coal, natural gas, oil, and VPTD gas fluctuates daily and seasonally, but production pipeline... Are not limited to a 3-mile radius was defined as a coal plant! Or NOx those risks energy & Financial Markets: What Drives Crude oil,,!, oil, gasoline, heating oil, gasoline, heating oil,,. Is typically determined by ultrasound measurements, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions linked to term,! The impacts of power plants and Adverse birth Outcomes, especially PTD and VPTD are oxides... You 'll become a member of NRDC 's Activist Network participants ' characteristics by term LBW, PTD and! Electric sector is a large source of U.S. CO 2 emissions thanks to the Ohio! And access time-series data documentation, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas is burned to heat... Entry `` power plants and neighboring communities '', and Adverse birth Outcomes in Florida from 2004 2005!
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