Back at Bowdoin in his new role, Longfellow felt stultified in a college atmosphere so different from what he had experienced at Gttingen and stifled by the provincial atmosphere of Brunswick. There he settled down to his professorial duties at Harvard, freed from some of the Bowdoin drudgery but still feeling oppressed by responsibilities to supervise native-language instructors and provide some basic instruction himself in each of the languages in the curriculum of the university while preparing lectures on European literatures. His celebrity in his own time, however, has yielded to changing literary tastes and to reactions against the genteel tradition of authorship he represented. [109] Emerson was disappointed and reportedly told Longfellow: "The world is expecting better things of you than this You are wasting time that should be bestowed upon original production". In the first, he arrived in Cambridge in 1837, fresh from a six-year professorship at Bowdoin College. [119] In the last two decades of his life, he often received requests for autographs from strangers, which he always sent. [96], As a very private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry. Test. Birth Year: 1807. In 1884 he was honoured by the placing of a memorial bust in Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey in London, the first American to be so recognized. [16] When Longfellow graduated from Bowdoin, he was ranked fourth in the class and had been elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Scholars generally regard the work as autobiographical, reflecting the translator as an aging artist facing his impending death. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. was also enrolled. [41] He was deeply saddened by her death and wrote: "One thought occupies me night and dayShe is dead She is dead! 1807-1882. [121], Contemporaneous writer Edgar Allan Poe wrote to Longfellow in May 1841 of his "fervent admiration which [your] genius has inspired in me" and later called him "unquestionably the best poet in America". At college he was attracted especially to Sir Walter Scotts romances and Washington Irvings Sketch Book, and his verses appeared in national magazines. Wisely improve the Present. Longfellows immense popularity helped raise the status of poetry in his country, and he played an important part in bringing European cultural traditions to American audiences. Go forth to meet the shadowy Future, without fear, and with a manly heart. [86] The next year, he declined an offer to be nominated for the Board of Overseers at Harvard "for reasons very conclusive to my own mind". Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. A project already well in hand that he was able to bring to completion was Tales of a Wayside Inn, the first part of which appeared in 1863. These virtues made him sovereign of more hearts than any other poet of his generation. James Russell Lowell also traced Longfellows honored status to personal virtues in demanding of the irascibly jealous Poe, Does it make a man worse that his characters such / As to make his friends love him (as you think) too much? [119] He was such an admired figure in the United States during his life that his 70th birthday in 1877 took on the air of a national holiday, with parades, speeches, and the reading of his poetry. Fanny is also credited with directly inspiring two poems that emerged from their wedding trip The Arsenal at Springfield, the peace poem she requested, and The Old Clock on the Stairs; both poems appeared in The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems (1845; copyright 1846). Although Paul Reveres Ride and The Birds of Killingworth, the most familiar of these poems today, give an impression of New England focus, the great majority had European settings and sources. Born on February 27, 1807 in Portland, Maine, USA , United States. [19] About 24 of them were published in the short-lived Boston periodical The United States Literary Gazette. Help . He dug through the past for stories that could could speak to his time, or that could act as cultural containers of collective memory. I say she shall! Among his most significant works are "A Psalm of Life" (1839), "The Village Blacksmith" (1842), "Paul Revere's Ride" (1861), and the book-length poems Evangeline (1847) and Song of Hiawatha (1855). Longfellows celebrity as the preeminent poet of America assured him critical respect in the closing decades of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th; yet, commentators even then recognized his limitations. That book also featured The Hanging of the Crane (1874), which had been Longfellows most remunerative poem when The New York Ledger paid him 3,000 dollars for its serial publication earlier that same year. [102] He was inspired, for example, by Norse mythology for "The Skeleton in Armor" and by Finnish legends for The Song of Hiawatha.[103]. He became the most popular American poet of his day and had success overseas. Sales of this book improved upon those for its predecessor; yet, Longfellow was disappointed by reader indifference to the work he had identified in an 1849 letter as the sublimer Song whose broken melodies have for so many years breathed through my soul. When all three parts finally came together in Christus: A Mystery, book sales were slight (only 6,000 copies printed) and critical response even less heartening. Longfellow had become one of the first American celebrities and was popular in Europe. [88] In March 1882, Longfellow went to bed with severe stomach pain. In Germany, Longfellow formed a close friendship with the poet Ferdinand Freiligrath, and in England he deepened an earlier acquaintance with Charles Dickens. It is thine. Fate, however, intervened to protect him from the bar. It was reported that 10,000 copies of The Courtship of Miles Standish sold in London in a single day. Born Henry WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. Discover his most famous works and their themes and style. There were still poems drawn from Longfellows travels and his readings in European literatures, but the most celebrated poem of the book was among his most patriotic pieces. He followed this work with two fragmentary dramatic poems, Judas Maccabaeus and Michael Angelo. But his genius was not dramatic, as he had demonstrated earlier in The Spanish Student (1843). [27] Irving encouraged the young Longfellow to pursue writing. We speak of a continuum because there are inter- mediate economies, combining horticultural and agricultural featuresmore intensive than annually shifting horticulture but less intensive than agricul- ture. "[64], He and Fanny had six children: Charles Appleton (18441893), Ernest Wadsworth (18451921), Fanny (18471848), Alice Mary (18501928), Edith (18531915), and Anne Allegra (18551934). [66] His literary income was increasing considerably; in 1840, he had made $219 from his work, but 1850 brought him $1,900. See answer (1) Copy. How many languages did Longfellow speak? The book holdings of the Peucinian Society, its formal debates, and its informal Conversations about contemporary writing and American authors encouraged Henry to direct his ambition toward literature despite his practical fathers preference for a career in law or one of the other established professions. In the fall of 1822, 15-year-old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, along with his brother Stephen. He was so fluent in translating that on graduation he was offered a professorship in modern languages provided that he would first study in Europe. His father was a lawyer, and his maternal grandfather was Peleg Wadsworth, a general in the American Revolutionary War and a Member of Congress. [15] He joined the Peucinian Society, a group of students with Federalist leanings. For other uses, see. In Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, and Germany he was welcomed and honored. During his lifetime Longfellow was loved and admired both at home and abroad. 791. Longfellows translation, still respected for its linguistic appreciation and literary merit, appeared in an 1865-67 three-volume edition, although he completed the translation in spring 1864. The marriage was an exceptionally happy one for both partners and brought Longfellow the domestic stability he had missed. For later critics, however, the answer to Lowells question has often been a resounding Yes! In the atmosphere of disillusionment attending world warsand especially in Herbert S. Gormans disparaging 1926 biographyLongfellow became an easy scapegoat for everything judged wrong with Puritan, Victorian, Brahmin, genteel, sentimental, and racist evasions of the grim realities of life. 1860. The independent-minded Fanny was not interested in marriage, but Longfellow was determined. In 1836 Longfellow returned to Harvard and settled in the famous Craigie House, which was later given to him as a wedding present when he remarried in 1843. . [65] Their daughter Fanny was born on April 7, 1847, and Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep administered ether to the mother as the first obstetric anesthetic in the United States. He was honored in March 2007 when the United States Postal Service issued a stamp commemorating him. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on this day in 1807, in Portland, Maine. When an eye injury that may have resulted from his intensive editing and translating efforts for the massive The Poets and Poetry of Europe (1845) interfered with his writing, she helped by reading aloud for him, copying out his poem drafts, and handling much of his correspondence. He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers honored in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbeyin fact, he is believed to be the first as his bust was installed . His travel sketches, Outre-Mer (1835), did not succeed. Six children were born to the coupleCharles, Ernest, Fanny, Alice, Edith, and Anne Allegra. 'Well! Always a writer at heart, when Henry wasn't in school he and his childhood friend, William Browne, planned . She named this second son among her eight children for her brother, Henry Wadsworth, who had died in Tripoli harbor in 1804. He wrote in his journal in 1878: "I have only one desire; and that is for harmony, and a frank and honest understanding between North and South". 4 In 1773, Parliament passed a law giving the English East India Company exclusive right to sell tea in America. Longfellow gave poetry higher standing within American society than it had enjoyed ever before, not only by exemplifying the appeal of graceful, informed writing to an exceptionally wide reading audience but also by making art itself one of his themes. [108], In 1874, Longfellow oversaw a 31-volume anthology called Poems of Places which collected poems representing several geographical locations, including European, Asian, and Arabian countries. My morning and my evening star of love!" More important, Longfellow turned back to poetry after that second European journey and found encouragement in the warm reception of a group of poems he classified loosely as psalms. Although he never received any money from Knickerbockers, where several of these poems first appeared, Longfellow discovered an appreciative public response to the sad wisdom he had distilled from the disappointments of life; sadness empowered him to speak comforting, encouraging words to the many readers who responded gratefully to A Psalm of Life, The Reaper and the Flowers, The Light of Stars, Footsteps of Angels, and Midnight Mass for the Dying Year. He collected these and other early poems in Voices of the Night, like Hyperion published in 1839, and followed up on that success with Ballads and Other Poems (1842), which featured short narrative poems such as The Skeleton in Armor and The Wreck of the Hesperus, a character sketch that he thought of as another psalm titled The Village Blacksmith, and a poem of Romantic inspiration, Excelsior. He was exploring American subject matter in many of these poemseven in The Skeleton in Armor, which drew an unexpected link between medieval Scandinavian war songs and New England antiquities. He possessed great metrical skill, but he failed to capture the American spirit like his great contemporary Walt Whitman, and his work generally lacked emotional depth and imaginative power. That poem appeared in one of those assemblages of short poems, identified as Birds of Passage, that Longfellow introduced in The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems and returned to frequently in subsequent volumes. This collection was Longfellows version of Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales or Giovanni Boccaccios Decameron. Other poems had local settingsfor example, The Bridge, which contrasted Longfellows newfound personal peace with the melancholy of his earlier years in a reflection on the bridge over the Charles River near his home. Snow-Flakes. Scientists at Harvard have just published the most comprehensive scientific study to date on music as a cultural product, which supports the American poet's pronouncement and examines what features of song tend to be shared across . Both seaside and fireside come together in The Fire of Drift-Wood, a mood piece employing imagery of light and warmth drawn from shipwreck as a metaphor for intuited estrangement among friends. Longfellow managed to speak to the conflicts and at the same time to seem a safe haven, an anchor in the storm"("Henry Wadsworth Longfellow" Historic). After a period in a boardinghouse near Bowdoin, they set up housekeeping in Brunswick even as the young husband explored every possible avenue of escape from that all-too-familiar environment. Longfellow never considered it complete enough to be published during his lifetime, but a posthumous edition was collected in 1883. Fill the Goblet Again 12. Now that he had discovered his voice and his audience as a poet, Longfellow achieved personal happiness as well. [10] He published his first poem in the Portland Gazette on November 17, 1820, a patriotic and historical four-stanza poem called "The Battle of Lovell's Pond". Born on February 27, 1807, in Portland (while Maine was still a part of Massachusetts), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow grew up in the thriving coastal city he remembered in My Lost Youth (1856) for its wharves and woodlands, the ships and sailors from distant lands who sparked his boyish imagination, and the historical associations of its old fort and an 1813 offshore naval battle between American and British brigs. In 1909, a statue of Longfellow was unveiled in Washington, DC, sculpted by William Couper. Paul Revere's Ride, for example, was first published in 1860, a time of dread and fear of the oncoming storm. He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers honored in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbeyin fact, he is believed to be the first as his bust was installed there in 1884. Corrections? The stimulus Henry Longfellow found there came less from classes or the library (open one hour a day and allowing students only limited borrowing privileges) than from literary societies. [89] He had been suffering from peritonitis. This period was also one of experimentation in dramatic writing, although publication of The Spanish Student was delayed until 1843. "Music is the universal language of mankind." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow tags: music, poetry, power-of-music. Match. But parody did nothing to undermine the success of the book; even more marketable than Evangeline, Hiawatha sold 50,000 copies by 1860 and earned 7,000 dollars in royalties in its first decade. Now he plunged into work, translating at the rate of a canto a day. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825. He endured the pain for several days with the help of opium before he died surrounded by family on Friday, March 24. [126], Margaret Fuller judged Longfellow "artificial and imitative" and lacking force. [39] In October 1835, his wife Mary had a miscarriage during the trip, about six months into her pregnancy. Life and Fame. The family occupied the first brick house in Portland, built by the general and still maintained as a literary shrine to its most famous occupant. Members included Cornelius Conway Felton, George Stillman Hillard, and Charles Sumner; Sumner became Longfellow's closest friend over the next 30 years. The dominance of free verse fostered contempt for Longfellows songlike versification and an indifference to its experimental qualities. It represented the medieval phase of Christianity and the virtue of faith (mixed, inevitably, with superstition) by dramatizing the story of a peasant girls willingness to die so that a prince might be healed of his illness. That same year Longfellow published Hyperion, a romantic novel idealizing his European travels. The book met with only modest success while deepening Fannys estrangement, sparking considerable Boston gossip, and drawing mixed but often hostile responses from reviewers. The trustees raised his salary to $800 with an additional $100 to serve as the college's librarian, a post which required one hour of work per day. In his own time one of Longfellows chief contributions to American literature was the encouragement he offered to aspiring writerswhether those Boston-Cambridge-Concord literati with whom he interacted through his various clubs or those such as Emily Dickinson, who responded gratefully to him from a distance as the champion of poetry in an otherwise prosaic American society, the Pegasus in the pound of Yankee bookstores. Longfellows long poem The Courtship of Miles Standish (1858) was another great popular success. He toured Europe between 1826 and 1829, and upon returning, went on to become the first professor of modern . Hoffmann,Hans Christian Andersen,William Butler Yeats,Henry van Dyke,Leo . [47] The bulk of Voices of the Night was translations, but he included nine original poems and seven poems that he had written as a teenager. BOSTON: TICKNOR AND FIELDS. [66] Longfellow published his epic poem Evangeline for the first time a few months later on November 1, 1847. [48] Ballads and Other Poems was published in 1841[49] and included "The Village Blacksmith" and "The Wreck of the Hesperus", which were instantly popular. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow [1807-1882] was probably the most influential American poet of the 19th Century. and cease repining; Behind the cloud is the sun still shining; Thy fate is a common fate of all, Into each life some rain must fall." Longfellow is rightrain comes at different times to all of us. Marion 2. [61] They were soon married; Nathan Appleton bought the Craigie House as a wedding present, and Longfellow lived there for the rest of his life. At least as wearing as his original authorship in late years was a massive editorial and translation project he undertook for his publisher, James T. Fields; Poems of Places emerged in 31 volumes between 1876 and 1879. Longfellows metric choice, which captures the beat of a tom-tom, exposed the poem to parody, as did its insistent repetitions and use of Native American words. Terms in this set (45) What where the years Longfellow was alive? A Psalm of Life (1838) expresses both the confusion of his feelings in that time of discouragement and his resolve not to succumb to mournful passivity. Answer and Explanation: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow had six children. He considered moving to New York after New York University proposed offering him a newly created professorship of modern languages, but there would be no salary. He prepared himself further with study abroad (at his own . Longfellow published two collections of verse by other poets, The Waif (1845) and The Estray (1846), each preceded by an original poem relating to the poet and his audience. But what sticks in the mind, and stirs the heart, are those "sun-defying" depths, where we are too numb to feel . In his years there, he earned a reputation as being very studious and became fluent in Latin. Though its account of Reveres ride is historically inaccurate, the poem created an American legend. "[138] Twentieth-century poet Lewis Putnam Turco concluded that "Longfellow was minor and derivative in every way throughout his career nothing more than a hack imitator of the English Romantics. Learn about the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and his biography, poems, and critical reception. Other libraries with Longfellow materials include the Bowdoin College Library; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Boston Public Library; the Pierpont Morgan Library; the Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Library of Congress; the Clifton Wallen Barrett Library, University of Virginia; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the Parkman Dexter Howe Library, University of Florida; and the University of Washington Library. [133] An editor of the Boston Evening Transcript wrote in 1846, "Whatever the miserable envy of trashy criticism may write against Longfellow, one thing is most certain, no American poet is more read". Many of Longfellows efforts now took dramatic form, although none proved suitable for staging. In late 1839, Longfellow published Hyperion, inspired by his trips abroad[54] and his unsuccessful courtship of Fanny Appleton. "Not yet", he replied. 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