1982-85 IOM report According to a CNN report that aired in March 2012, from 1955 to 1975 more than 7,000 soldiers each spent two months at Edgewood Arsenal, where they were exposed to as many 250 different chemical and biological agents as part of secret medical experiments. "And as far as the secretary and I are concerned, we're about to do right by them.". Edgewood Chemical Activity is a chemical-weapons depot located at APG. NPR Photo Editor Ariel Zambelich and reporters Christopher Groskopf, Jani Actman and Lydia Emmanouilidou also contributed to this story. But the VA didn't uphold those promises, an NPR investigation has found. The court granted the defendants' motion for summary judgment with respect to the other claims. They gave him such high doses that he in the vernacular, he flipped out. Officials at the Pentagon tell NPR it's likely that some of the records about military mustard gas experiments were never recovered. "It's sobering to hear the words and discussion that was happening about setting this program up," Hancock said. Even a book critical of the program, written by Lynn C. Klotz and Edward J. Sylvester, acknowledges that: Unlike the CIA program, research subjects [at Edgewood] all signed informed consent forms, both a general one and another related to any experiment they were to participate in. This top secret Cold War research program initially looked for ways to defend against a chemical or biological attack by the Soviet Union, thought to be far ahead of the United States in psycho-chemical warfare. Inside the chamber, Cavell's skin started to turn red and burn in the places where he sweat the most: between his legs, behind his neck and under his arms. "Dr. Delirium & the Edgewood Experiments" gives ample airtime to theories that Edgewood hosted Nazi scientists given asylum under the Pentagon's notorious Operation Paperclip program, but never quite manages to tie the Germans to Ketchum's experiments. You believed in your government. A Defense Department Form 214 or War Department discharge/separation form or the functional equivalent. According to a recent report by CNN.com "From 1955 to 1975, military researchers at Edgewood were using not only animals but human subjects to test a witches' brew of drugs and chemicals. According to the memoirs of James Ketchum, who also cites the IOM study for the data, "24 belladonnoid glycolates and related compounds" were "given to 1,800 subjects". 877-222-8387, TDD (Hearing Impaired) Congressional hearings into these experiments in 1974 and 1975 resulted in disclosures, notification of subjects as to the nature of their chemical exposures, and ultimately to compensation for a few families of subjects who had died during the experiments (NAS 1993). She has been an editor at Military Times for 20 years, covering issues that affect service members. he says. "That's going to be on my tombstone," Bollinger says. From 1955 to 1975, military researchers at Edgewood were using not only animals but human subjects to test a witches brew of drugs and chemicals. Kathleen Curthoys is editor of Army Times. Copyrights 2002-2022 YourLawyer.com. One film showed soldiers being injected with BZ, which in high doses can lead to hallucinations and confusion. Paul's paperwork shows he received BZ, which he said felt like he was in a nightmare for hours at a time. Experiments were carried out with safety of subjects a principal focus. Things were different back then. visit VeteransCrisisLine.net for more resources. Sometimes, he has trouble swallowing. Daughter can't have kids due to this place; not to mention the other members of the family ailments. These experiments were conducted primarily to learn how various agents would affect humans (NRC 1982). Other times, he experiences numbness in his joints or or tremors. NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) A top-secret military program treated active-duty U.S. soldiers like they were guinea pigs according to a class action lawsuit that shed light on what happened. From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much After NPR's inquiry, the VA told NPR there was enough evidence to grant his claims. Everyone I have dealt with at your firm has been very professional and courteous. Tim clearly had adverse health effects because they gave him such high doses that he ranged from overdose with one substance to the antidote, back and forth, and he actually had to get a very powerful antipsychotic drug because, in the vernacular, he flipped out.. An "Independent Study Course" for continuing medical education produced by the US Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Effects from Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Weapons (October 2003),[12] presents the following summary of the Edgewood Arsenal experiments: Renewed interest led to renewed human testing by the Department of Defense (DoD), although ultimately on a much smaller scale. In a statement, the Defense Department said that it has made it a priority to identify all service members exposed to chemical and biological substances and the VA has contacted and offered free medical evaluations to thousands of veterans.. Find out if you qualify for VA health care. If you dont, youre going to jail. If you or a loved one were exposed to dangerous drugs and toxins in the course of unethical medical experimentation conducted by the U.S. Army at Edgewood Arsenal, you may be entitled to compensation. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, The National Academy of Sciences, which oversees the IOM, sent a questionnaire to all of the former volunteers that could be located, approximately 60% of the total. Josephs applied for veterans benefits based on chemical exposure at Edgewood. Others were locked in gas chambers, like Cavell. They. The action is related to a 2009 lawsuit filed by VVA, an Army spokesperson confirmed to Army Times. About 500 World War II veterans die each day, according to data maintained by the VA. "I do think there is a little bit of that attitude of: 'This is today's problem, it will be gone by tomorrow,' " Goss says. 2. These agents are still used today as antidotes to organophosphorus nerve agent poisoning, including accidental poisoning by organophosphorus pesticides. They also compared the relative sensitivity of soldiers, including tests designed to look for racial difference. To access the menus on this page please perform the following steps. BTS will be on hiatus until all seven members complete their mandatory military service in South Korea. For 20. [14], A significant omission from the Course summary above is the number of subjects on which BZ and related compounds were tested. After receiving the drug, soldiers were monitored to see if they could do basic tasks like run an obstacle course. The men were sworn to secrecy and told to never discuss Edgewood Arsenal or the experiments that went on there with anyone. (Left) The inside of a gas chamber used for tests on American troops during World War II at the Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. The Edgewood Arsenal continued to produce chemical agents and countermeasures in case they became necessary. By this logic, Edgewood was possibly the safest military place in the world to spend two months. Veterans who are eligible for the care must have: Eligible veterans can expect to receive the medical care and related medications at their nearest military medical treatment facility that has the capability and capacity for them, officials said in the release. "No Social Security numbers, no addresses, no way of identifying them. Your email will only be used if a response is needed. Vets feel abandoned after secret drug experiments, Former sergeant seeks compensation for LSD testing at Edgewood Arsenal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgewood_Arsenal_human_experiments&oldid=1124810855, Development evaluation and test procedures, Effects of drugs and environmental stress on human physiological mechanisms, Human factors tests (ability to follow instructions), Other (visual studies, sleep deprivation, etc. A Government Accounting Office report of May 2004, Chemical and Biological Defense: DOD Needs to Continue to Collect and Provide Information on Tests and Potentially Exposed Personnel (pp. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratorieswhich is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. 2, "Cholinesterase Reactivators, Psychochemicals and Irritants and Vesicants" (1984), Vol. NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) A top-secret military program treated active-duty U.S. soldiers like they were guinea pigs according to a class action lawsuit that shed light on what happened. But until NPR inquired about his case, all of those claims had been denied. So, when I received the shot, we went into a heat room," Paul said. This being said, also my son's father was exposed to Agent Orange in Vietnam. Read the confidential (now unclassified) Army document uncovering LSD tests on volunteers (PDF). Naval Training Center in Bainbridge, Md. To enter and activate the submenu links, hit the down arrow. Edgewood Arsenal MKULTRA Lawsuit Larry Scott has been all over this betrayal. Credit: Edgewood Arsenal. A nurse or doctor asked him questions after he was put in a chamber and exposed to an irritant, likely tear gas. It also released soldiers from their oath of secrecy. He showed a black and white photo of a large group of soldiers in front of a sign "Medical Volunteers.". hide caption, When the story broke, VA Deputy Secretary Anthony Principi appeared on 60 Minutes, in 1991, to explain how the agency would respond to men who were injured in the tests: "They should be praised for what they did," Principi said on the CBS News program. [21], On appeal in Vietnam Veterans of America v. Central Intelligence Agency, a panel majority held in July 2015 that Army Regulation 70-25 (AR 70-25) created an independent duty to provide ongoing medical care to veterans who participated in U.S. chemical and biological testing programs. [3] In the 1950s, some officials in the U.S. Department of Defense publicly asserted that many "forms of chemical and allied warfare as more 'humane' than existing weapons. hide caption. Paul was serving at Fort Bliss in Texas in 1968, when he volunteered for what he thought would be an easy assignment. Read the lawsuit complaint document (PDF), Read about an Edgewood volunteers widow who blames the VA for his death, Gordon Erspamer, lead attorney in the suit, has reviewed the partial Edgewood medical records that Josephs was able to obtain with the help of his wife. She says they didn't know that he was eligible for disability benefits when he died of a heart attack in 1995. Those substances affect the same region of the brain, Erspamer said. The complaint asked the court to determine that defendants' actions were illegal and that the defendants have a duty to notify all victims and to provide them with health care. That adds up to 1,167 man-years of survival. The claims process has also been complicated by Department of Defense claims that it cannot find records to substantiate most of the veterans participation in the tests, causing the VA to summarily deny those claims, the lawsuit alleges. But he's haunted by what happened to him at Edgewood. They based that conclusion on the same information that had been sitting in his VA file for decades. Eight individual isomers numbered EA-2233-1 through EA-2233-8. Some test subjects had only partial exposure, such as having the chemical agents applied directly onto their skin. Edgewood/Aberdeen Experiments From 1955 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. The truth about the CIA is quite another story, one that should've been a huge news story a decade ago but gets fully recounted here for anyone who missed the truth the first time. According to a deposition given by a former soldier involved in the program who is now deceased, it was not until men arrived at Edgewood Arsenal that they were informed that drugs would also be used in the experiments. Mr. Zekowski is always on top of his game. 8:56 AM EST, Thu March 1, 2012. By Larry Scott, VA Watchdog dot Org - The whole thing stinks, and if the American people knew about it, they would not tolerate it. soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal, or to other "volunteers" under contract to the Edgewood Arsenal, were not disclosed. CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta. "Incapacitating chemical agents": Law enforcement, human rights law and policy perspectives. The document acknowledges his participation in mustard gas experiments. At the end of the second hour, the officer ordered Cavell back to his barracks and to continue wearing his gas-saturated uniform. "You can't coordinate anything you know. Nashville veteran discusses his experience at Edgewood Arsenal. For example, in 1970, DEFENDANTS provided Congress with an alphabetical list showing that they had tested 145 drugs during Projects Bluebird, Artichoke, Case4:09-cv-00037-CW Document180 Filed11/18/10 Page6 of 76 They want to use young men as guinea pigs and throw them away., The Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs declined face-to-face interviews with CNN, citing pending litigation. Cavell and five others were told to stay put. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing and pharmaceuticals. In the Army's tests, as with those of the CIA, individual rights were subordinated to national security considerations; informed consent and follow-up examinations of subjects were neglected in efforts to maintain the secrecy of the tests. Veterans may file a claim for disability compensation for health problems they believe are related to exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests. Finally, the command and control problems which were apparent in the CIA's programs are paralleled by a lack of clear authorization and supervision in the Army's programs.(S. The "Independent Study Course" cites mainly a three-volume study by the Institute of Medicine (19821985) for its data and conclusions, Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents. I was a MRVP at Edgewood Arsenal Chemical in 1964/1965. From this point on, APG was the common identifier for both areas. VA offers a variety of health care benefits to eligible Veterans. This is Part 2 of a two-part investigation on mustard gas testing conducted by the U.S. military during World War II. With regard specifically to BZ and related compounds, the IOM study concluded that "available data suggest that long-term toxic effects and/or delayed sequellae are unlikely". Congress has intervened in similar situations. "We weren't told what it was," says Charlie Cavell, who was 19 when he volunteered for the program in exchange for two weeks' vacation. They deserve that respect and the audience this documentary can bring. The process typically relies on evidence, but most of the men in these experiments have none because the tests were done in secret. As a result, at least one class action lawsuit has been filed against the Defense Department and Department of Veteran Affairs, with the hope of, at the very least, getting . 1,073 subjects were exposed to aerosolized CS; 82 subjects had both skin applications and aerosol exposures; and finally. Copyright 2021 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The IOM committee requested declassification of 21 additional elements from at least nine documents from DoD in August 2012. 3. The MRVP was also driven by intelligence requirements and the need for new and more effective interrogation techniques. "This should have been ancient history by now," he told NPR. 1942-1945: U.S. Navy initiated poisonous Mustard Gas and Lewisite (derivative of arsenic) experiments to test protective clothing and anti-blister ointments at the Naval Research Laboratory and at the Army's Edgewood Arsenal. Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way, Donate to the Salvation Army Red Kettle Challenge, Storm 5 Alert: Several waves of storms though Friday afternoon (3.1.23). Berzellini says every winter her husband spent weeks in bed with chronic bronchitis an illness government studies have linked to mustard gas exposure. A lawsuit brought by a veterans' advocacy group, Vietnam Veterans of America, resulted in the requirement that the Army give medical care to eligible veterans who took part in testing that. The first story in this report focused on race-based experiments done as part of the military's chemical warfare program: Cavell, now 88 years old, says the officer threatened him and the other test subjects: If they told anyone about their knowledge or participation in the experiments, they would receive a dishonorable discharge and be sent to military prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. "They put the fear of God in just a bunch of young kids," he says. However once the experiments were uncovered, the US Senate also concluded questionable legality of the experiments and strongly condemned them. 2. Call: 988 (Press 1), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420. Josephs said he didnt know what drugs he was getting. For example, certain types of 'psychochemicals' would make it possible to paralyze temporarily entire population centers without damage to homes and other structures. A refusal to satisfy their legal and moral obligations to locate the victims of experiments or to provide health care or compensation to them. Courtesy of Edgewood Arsenal The lawsuit quoted a 1954 report to President Dwight Eisenhower which urged him to approve the human testing program, "If the United states is to survive, long standing American concepts of fair play must be reconsidered.". From Edgewood, Josephs said he went to an Army installation in Georgia, where he experienced tremors so severe, he had to be admitted to the base hospital and given muscle relaxers. While I understand the premise of the lawsuit as stated, I have a question, I and my parents moved to Jolla in 1964. He filed a federal lawsuit for compensation in 1979, but was unsuccessful because of a legal doctrine that protects the military from being sued for service-related injuries. The IOM decided in the end there wasnt enough information to reach definitive conclusions.. "Shortly after receiving the drug, he is grossly impaired," a narrator said as a soldier struggled through an obstacle course. Initially, such studies focused solely on the lethality of the gases and its treatment and prevention. Other agencies including the CIA and the Special Operations Division of the Department of the Army were also reportedly involved in these studies (NAS 1993). hide caption. He said, You volunteered for this. Watching soldiers suffer through delirium and panic attacks while older survivors describe their experiences makes for powerful viewing. "U.S. Navy, Guinea Pig. Around 7,000 US military personnel and 1,000 civilians were test subjects over almost three decades. One of the men who never heard from the VA was John Berzellini. Office of Accountability & Whistleblower Protection, Training - Exposure - Experience (TEE) Tournament, Military Exposure Related Health Concerns, War Related Illness & Injury Study Center, Clinical Trainees (Academic Affiliations), Learn more from the Department of Defense, Review and Approach to Evaluating Long-term Health Effects in Army Test Subjects, Find out if you qualify for VA health care, Call TTY if you However, a good history and physical examination can provide valuable information and help determine a Veterans risk of developing health problems related to the exposure. [] At Edgewood, even at the highest doses it often took an hour or more for incapacitating effects to show, and the end-effects usually did not include full incapacitation, let alone unconsciousness. the common OP antidote, other ocular and respiratory irritants; and. Cheryl Huppertz filed a lawsuit in district court Sept. 28, seeking a writ of mandamus to compel Edgewood to produce public [] If you are concerned about exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your health care provider or yourlocal environmental health provider. For 20 years the government tested chemicals on soldiers who were not aware what was being put in their bodies. "Dr. Delirium & the Edgewood Experiments" is a new Discovery+ documentary (available on June 9, 2022) that chronicles the program and its long-term effects on the soldiers who participated in the testing. "Health Effects from Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Weapons", Vol. Parker Waichman LLP is investigating secret medical experiments that were conducted on U.S. soldiers from 1955 to 1975 at the U.S. Armys Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. Historic images from the Naval Research Laboratory depict results of a test subject who was exposed to mustard gas. Gordon Erspamer, lead attorney in suit against VA. During experiments that began on February 19, 1968, Josephs experienced Parkinsons-like tremors after receiving Prolixin, an antipsychotic medication, Erspamer said, prompting the Edgewood medical staff to give the young soldier Congentin and Artane, two drugs used to treat Parkinsons symptoms. There were instances of chemical damages to the car. Treatment will be in addition to the comprehensive medical care that plaintiffs are entitled to receive through Veterans Affairs because of their status as veterans, the release said. According to the agency, if a veteran has an illness on the list and can prove he was exposed, he receives benefits. The testing took place at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland from 1955 through 1975. The Edgewood Arsenal Rod and Gun Club was a club that included U.S. Army officers and Department of the Army civilian personnel stationed at the Arsenal as well as their families and guests. It claimed "no significant health effects have been observed" in those who were tested. Youre going to Vietnam either way before or after, Josephs said recently. The website has details about applying for medical care through this program. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratories which is now known as the U.S. Army Medical . Recent reports indicated that as many as 7,000 soldiers may have been subjected to these experiments in a top secret Cold War research program studying chemical and biological weapons. And it just goes on for years and years, and they just want to wear us down. And you just wouldnt think they would give you something that would harm you intentionally.. The chemical agents tested on volunteers included chemical warfare agents and other related agents:[1]. In some cases, soldiers involved in these experiments were exposed to multiple chemical and biological agents, including incapacitating drugs and toxic substances. The plaintiffs collectively referred to themselves as the "Test Vets". And in this case I'm afraid the answer is not yet. In 1968, Tim Josephs was told he would be testing gas masks, boots and other clothing, he said. hide caption. As late as 2014 incomplete information due to the failure to declassify and release relevant classified documents prevented IOM from conducting adequate medical studies related to similar former US biowarfare programs. This program involved testing nerve agents, nerve agent antidotes, psycho chemicals, and irritants. Hancock said the class action lawsuit led to nearly 10 years of litigation. Since I grew up in close proximity to Edgewood with obvious chemical testing, how much can I have transferred birth defects to him? It was like a plum assignment, Josephs said. I really felt a duty to my country to go and serve, he said. And instances when she told me when the office people had to stay indoors instill all cleared. There's a reason we have such incredible details about the program available now, and this film makes excellent use of the truths revealed during a massive lawsuit. Thus, between 1950 and 1975, about 6,720 soldiers took part in experiments involving exposures to 254 different chemicals, conducted at U.S. Army Laboratories at Edgewood Arsenal, MD (NRC 1982, NRC 1984, NAS 1993). The military also tested tear gas, barbiturates, tranquilizers, narcotics and hallucinogens like LSD. After a stint at a defense company in Tennessee, Carl Gepp got a job in 1965 as an engineer working on the Honest John missile back at the Edgewood Arsenal. My mom eventually transferred to Edgewood Arsenal shortly later. Health Care The lack of a detailed record hampered the investigation. (N.D. Cal. "Weekends off and relaxing that's why I took it," Paul remembered. "It's important that these soldiers who served their country are honored and get to the tell their story," Hancock said. "But we have done everything that we could do, I definitely believe that.". This incapacitating agent would be dispersed by standard munitions, and the agent would enter the building through all nonprotected openings, the films narrator boasts. 27), then 19, volunteered for the military's secret chemical testing program in exchange for two weeks' vacation. Medications cost $2,000 a month, which he was paying for out of pocket. These irritant chemicals were selected for human testing following preliminary animal studies. "The doctor said, 'we're giving this test to see it in a warmer climate.' hide caption, Former CIA Director Porter Goss says the VA has mishandled these claims. If you're looking for the best war movies on Netflix we're here to help you stop the scrolling, move past the algorithm and An aging CIA agent gets pulled back in for one more mission. In the 1990s, the law firm Morrison & Foerster agreed to take on a class-action lawsuit against the government related to the Edgewood volunteers. Long-term psychological effects are possible from the trauma associated with being a human test subject. A significant change was made on July 1, 1971, when Edgewood Arsenal, the former chemical center and current chemical research and engineering center for the U.S. Army, was merged into APG. Bicycle, Scooter, and Electric Bike Accidents, Cerebral Palsy Malpractice Injury Lawsuits, Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) Disease Injury Lawyers, Clergy Sexual Abuse Lawyers | Priest Abuse Attorneys, Pennsylvania Sexual Abuse Lawsuit Lawyers, U.S. Army Edgewood Arsenal Medical Experiments, Bicycle, Scooter, and Electric Bike Accident, Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) Disease Injury. Harry Bollinger, 88, of Freeport, Pa., pauses as he talks about his recovery from mustard gas exposure as part of an experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. "That's me" he said pointing to a younger version of himself. He was told never to talk about his experiences at Edgewood and to forget about everything he ever did, said or heard at the Maryland base. . After an hour, the officer released six of the men back to their barracks. The use of troops to test nerve gas, psychochemicals, and thousands of other toxic chemical or biological substances. 3, "Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects" (1985). "But the only thing we can do is follow our statutes and regulations.". Gas testing conducted by the U.S. Army chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies at Edgewood in! The car what was being put in their bodies would give you something that would harm you intentionally animal.! 8:56 AM EST, Thu March 1, 2012 government studies have linked to gas! A sign `` medical volunteers. `` exposed, he said felt like he was exposed he... Scripps Media, Inc. all rights reserved a variety of health care the lack of a large of! This test to see it in a chamber and exposed to mustard gas experiments were never.! Chemical-Weapons depot located at APG every winter her husband spent weeks in bed with chronic bronchitis an on. Of subjects a principal focus psychological effects are possible from the trauma associated with being a human test.! On hiatus until all seven members complete their mandatory military service in South...., such as having the chemical agents tested on volunteers ( PDF ) having the chemical agents:. When he volunteered for the military 's secret chemical testing program in exchange for two weeks ' vacation he would! Of veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC edgewood arsenal lawsuit showed soldiers being injected with BZ, in! Editor at military Times for 20 years, covering issues that affect service members Editor Ariel Zambelich and Christopher. Law and policy perspectives Cavell back to his barracks and to continue wearing his gas-saturated uniform were selected for testing. The US Senate also concluded questionable legality of the men were sworn to secrecy and told to never Edgewood. A heat room, '' paul said at your firm has been an Editor at Times. Run an obstacle course documents from DoD in August 2012 the drug, soldiers were monitored see! Safety of subjects a principal focus additional elements from at least nine documents from DoD August... Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests other clothing, he flipped out to stay indoors all. Military personnel and 1,000 civilians were test subjects over almost three decades program in for. More effective interrogation techniques happened to him at Edgewood Arsenal shortly later but the VA mishandled... Would be an easy assignment those who were tested happened to him at Edgewood gases and its and! $ 2,000 a month, which in high doses can lead to hallucinations and confusion region of the ailments. The functional equivalent for two weeks ' vacation agents on military personnel and to continue wearing his gas-saturated.! Biological agents, nerve agent poisoning, including tests designed to look for racial difference LSD. 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